先秦:庄周
胠qū箧qiè--庄zhuāng周zhōu
将jiāng为wèi胠qū箧qiè、、探tàn囊náng、、发fā匮kuì之zhī盗dào而ér为wèi守shǒu备bèi,,则zé必bì摄shè缄jiān縢téng、、固gù扃jiōng鐍jué;;此cǐ世shì俗sú之zhī所suǒ谓wèi知zhī也yě。。然rán而ér巨jù盗dào至zhì,,则zé负fù匮kuì、、揭jiē箧qiè、、担dān囊náng而ér趋qū;;唯wéi恐kǒng缄jiān縢téng扃jiōng鐍jué之zhī不bù固gù也yě。。然rán则zé乡xiāng之zhī所suǒ谓wèi知zhī者zhě,,不bù乃nǎi为wèi大dà盗dào积jī者zhě也yě??
故gù尝cháng试shì论lùn之zhī,,世shì俗sú之zhī所suǒ谓wèi知zhī者zhě,,有yǒu不bù为wèi大dà盗dào积jī者zhě乎hū??所suǒ谓wèi圣shèng者zhě,,有yǒu不bù为wèi大dà盗dào守shǒu者zhě乎hū??何hé以yǐ知zhī其qí然rán邪xié??昔xī者zhě齐qí国guó邻lín邑yì相xiāng望wàng,,鸡jī狗gǒu之zhī音yīn相xiāng闻wén,,罔wǎng罟gǔ之zhī所suǒ布bù,,耒lěi耨nòu之zhī所suǒ刺cì,,方fāng二èr千qiān余yú里lǐ。。阖hé四sì竟jìng之zhī内nèi,,所suǒ以yǐ立lì宗zōng庙miào、、社shè稷jì,,治zhì邑yì、、屋wū、、州zhōu、、闾lǘ、、乡xiāng、、曲qū者zhě,,曷hé尝cháng不bù法fǎ圣shèng人rén哉zāi??然rán而ér田tián成chéng子zi一yī旦dàn杀shā齐qí君jūn而ér盗dào其qí国guó。。所suǒ盗dào者zhě岂qǐ独dú其qí国guó邪xié??并bìng与yǔ其qí圣shèng知zhī之zhī法fǎ而ér盗dào之zhī。。故gù田tián成chéng子zi有yǒu乎hū盗dào贼zéi之zhī名míng,,而ér身shēn处chù尧yáo舜shùn之zhī安ān,,小xiǎo国guó不bù敢gǎn非fēi,,大dà国guó不bù敢gǎn诛zhū,,专zhuān有yǒu齐qí国guó。。则zé是shì不bù乃nǎi窃qiè齐qí国guó,,并bìng与yǔ其qí圣shèng知zhī之zhī法fǎ,,以yǐ守shǒu其qí盗dào贼zéi之zhī身shēn乎hū??
尝cháng试shì论lùn之zhī,,世shì俗sú之zhī所suǒ谓wèi至zhì知zhī者zhě,,有yǒu不bù为wèi大dà盗dào积jī者zhě乎hū??所suǒ谓wèi至zhì圣shèng者zhě,,有yǒu不bù为wèi大dà盗dào守shǒu者zhě乎hū??何hé以yǐ知zhī其qí然rán邪xié??昔xī者zhě龙lóng逢féng斩zhǎn,,比bǐ干gàn剖pōu,,苌cháng弘hóng胣chǐ,,子zi胥xū靡mí。。故gù四sì子zi之zhī贤xián而ér身shēn不bù免miǎn乎hū戮lù。。故gù跖zhí之zhī徒tú问wèn于yú跖zhí曰yuē::盗dào亦yì有yǒu道dào乎hū??跖zhí曰yuē::何hé适shì而ér无wú有yǒu道dào邪xié??夫fū妄wàng意yì室shì中zhōng之zhī藏cáng,,圣shèng也yě;;入rù先xiān,,勇yǒng也yě;;出chū后hòu,,义yì也yě;;知zhī可kě否fǒu,,知zhī也yě;;分fēn均jūn,,仁rén也yě。。五wǔ者zhě不bù备bèi而ér能néng成chéng大dà盗dào者zhě,,天tiān下xià未wèi之zhī有yǒu也yě。。由yóu是shì观guān之zhī,,善shàn人rén不bù得dé圣shèng人rén之zhī道dào不bù立lì,,跖zhí不bù得dé圣shèng人rén之zhī道dào不bù行xíng;;天tiān下xià之zhī善shàn人rén少shǎo而ér不bù善shàn人rén多duō,,则zé圣shèng人rén之zhī利lì天tiān下xià也yě少shǎo,,而ér害hài天tiān下xià也yě多duō。。故gù曰yuē::唇chún竭jié则zé齿chǐ寒hán,,鲁lǔ酒jiǔ薄báo而ér邯hán郸dān围wéi,,圣shèng人rén生shēng而ér大dà盗dào起qǐ。。掊póu击jī圣shèng人rén,,纵zòng舍shě盗dào贼zéi,,而ér天tiān下xià始shǐ治zhì矣yǐ!!
夫fū川chuān竭jié而ér谷gǔ虚xū,,丘qiū夷yí而ér渊yuān实shí。。圣shèng人rén已yǐ死sǐ,,则zé大dà盗dào不bù起qǐ,,天tiān下xià平píng而ér无wú故gù矣yǐ。。圣shèng人rén不bù死sǐ,,大dà盗dào不bù止zhǐ。。虽suī重zhòng圣shèng人rén而ér治zhì天tiān下xià,,则zé是shì重zhòng利lì盗dào跖zhí也yě。。为wèi之zhī斗dòu斛hú以yǐ量liàng之zhī,,则zé并bìng与yǔ斗dòu斛hú而ér窃qiè之zhī;;为wèi之zhī权quán衡héng以yǐ称chēng之zhī,,则zé并bìng与yǔ权quán衡héng而ér窃qiè之zhī;;为wèi之zhī符fú玺xǐ而ér信xìn之zhī,,则zé并bìng与yǔ符fú玺xǐ而ér窃qiè之zhī;;为wèi之zhī仁rén义yì以yǐ矫jiǎo之zhī,,则zé并bìng与yǔ仁rén义yì而ér窃qiè之zhī。。
何hé以yǐ知zhī其qí然rán邪xié??彼bǐ窃qiè钩gōu者zhě诛zhū,,窃qiè国guó者zhě为wèi诸zhū侯hóu,,诸zhū侯hóu之zhī门mén而ér仁rén义yì存cún焉yān。。则zé是shì非fēi窃qiè仁rén义yì圣shèng知zhī邪xié??故gù逐zhú于yú大dà盗dào、、揭jiē诸zhū侯hóu、、窃qiè仁rén义yì并bìng斗dòu斛hú权quán衡héng符fú玺xǐ之zhī利lì者zhě,,虽suī有yǒu轩xuān冕miǎn之zhī赏shǎng弗fú能néng劝quàn,,斧fǔ钺yuè之zhī威wēi弗fú能néng禁jìn。。此cǐ重zhòng利lì盗dào跖zhí而ér使shǐ不bù可kě禁jìn者zhě,,是shì乃nǎi圣shèng人rén之zhī过guò也yě。。故gù曰yuē::鱼yú不bù可kě脱tuō于yú渊yuān,,国guó之zhī利lì器qì不bù可kě以yǐ示shì人rén。。彼bǐ圣shèng人rén者zhě,,天tiān下xià之zhī利lì器qì也yě,,非fēi所suǒ以yǐ明míng天tiān下xià也yě。。
故gù绝jué圣shèng弃qì知zhī,,大dà盗dào乃nǎi止zhǐ;;擿tī玉yù毁huǐ珠zhū,,小xiǎo盗dào不bù起qǐ;;焚fén符fú破pò玺xǐ,,而ér民mín朴pǔ鄙bǐ;;掊póu斗dòu折zhé衡héng,,而ér民mín不bù争zhēng;;殚dān残cán天tiān下xià之zhī圣shèng法fǎ,,而ér民mín始shǐ可kě与yǔ论lùn议yì。。擢zhuó乱luàn六liù律lǜ,,铄shuò绝jué竽yú瑟sè,,塞sāi瞽gǔ旷kuàng之zhī耳ěr,,而ér天tiān下xià始shǐ人rén含hán其qí聪cōng矣yǐ;;灭miè文wén章zhāng,,散sàn五wǔ采cǎi,,胶jiāo离lí朱zhū之zhī目mù,,而ér天tiān下xià始shǐ人rén含hán其qí明míng矣yǐ。。毁huǐ绝jué钩gōu绳shéng而ér弃qì规guī矩jǔ,,攦lì工gōng倕chuí之zhī指zhǐ,,而ér天tiān下xià始shǐ人rén含hán其qí巧qiǎo矣yǐ。。故gù曰yuē::大dà巧qiǎo若ruò拙zhuō。。削xuē曾céng史shǐ之zhī行xíng,,钳qián杨yáng墨mò之zhī口kǒu,,攘rǎng弃qì仁rén义yì,,而ér天tiān下xià之zhī德dé始shǐ玄xuán同tóng矣yǐ。。
彼bǐ人rén含hán其qí明míng,,则zé天tiān下xià不bù铄shuò矣yǐ;;人rén含hán其qí聪cōng,,则zé天tiān下xià不bù累lèi矣yǐ;;人rén含hán其qí知zhī,,则zé天tiān下xià不bù惑huò矣yǐ;;人rén含hán其qí德dé,,则zé天tiān下xià不bù僻pì矣yǐ。。彼bǐ曾céng、、史shǐ、、杨yáng、、墨mò、、师shī旷kuàng、、工gōng倕chuí、、离lí朱zhū、、皆jiē外wài立lì其qí德dé而ér以yǐ爚yuè乱luàn天tiān下xià者zhě也yě,,法fǎ之zhī所suǒ无wú用yòng也yě。。
子zi独dú不bù知zhī至zhì德dé之zhī世shì乎hū??昔xī者zhě容róng成chéng氏shì、、大dà庭tíng氏shì、、伯bó皇huáng氏shì、、中zhōng央yāng氏shì、、栗lì陆lù氏shì、、骊lí畜chù氏shì、、轩xuān辕yuán氏shì、、赫hè胥xū氏shì、、尊zūn卢lú氏shì、、祝zhù融róng氏shì、、伏fú牺xī氏shì、、神shén农nóng氏shì,,当dāng是shì时shí也yě,,民mín结jié绳shéng而ér用yòng之zhī,,甘gān其qí食shí,,美měi其qí服fú,,乐lè其qí俗sú,,安ān其qí居jū,,邻lín国guó相xiāng望wàng,,鸡jī狗gǒu之zhī音yīn相xiāng闻wén,,民mín至zhì老lǎo死sǐ而ér不bù相xiāng往wǎng来lái。。若ruò此cǐ之zhī时shí,,则zé至zhì治zhì已yǐ。。今jīn遂suì至zhì使shǐ民mín延yán颈jǐng举jǔ踵zhǒng,,曰yuē::某mǒu所suǒ有yǒu贤xián者zhě,,赢yíng粮liáng而ér趣qù之zhī,,则zé内nèi弃qì其qí亲qīn,,而ér外wài弃qì其qí主zhǔ之zhī事shì;;足zú迹jī接jiē乎hū诸zhū侯hóu之zhī境jìng,,车chē轨guǐ结jié乎hū千qiān里lǐ之zhī外wài,,则zé是shì上shàng好hǎo知zhī之zhī过guò也yě。。上shàng诚chéng好hǎo知zhī而ér无wú道dào,,则zé天tiān下xià大dà乱luàn矣yǐ!!
何hé以yǐ知zhī其qí然rán邪xié??夫fū弓gōng、、弩nǔ、、毕bì、、弋yì、、机jī变biàn之zhī知zhī多duō,,则zé鸟niǎo乱luàn于yú上shàng矣yǐ;;钩gōu饵ěr、、罔wǎng罟gǔ、、罾zēng笱gǒu之zhī知zhī多duō,,则zé鱼yú乱luàn于yú水shuǐ矣yǐ;;削xuē格gé、、罗luó落luò、、罝jū罘fú之zhī知zhī多duō,,则zé兽shòu乱luàn于yú泽zé矣yǐ;;知zhī诈zhà渐jiàn毒dú、、颉jié滑huá坚jiān白bái、、解jiě垢gòu同tóng异yì之zhī变biàn多duō,,则zé俗sú惑huò于yú辩biàn矣yǐ。。故gù天tiān下xià每měi每měi大dà乱luàn,,罪zuì在zài于yú好hǎo知zhī。。故gù天tiān下xià皆jiē知zhī求qiú其qí所suǒ不bù知zhī,,而ér莫mò知zhī求qiú其qí所suǒ已yǐ知zhī者zhě;;皆jiē知zhī非fēi其qí所suǒ不bù善shàn,,而ér莫mò知zhī非fēi其qí所suǒ已yǐ善shàn者zhě,,是shì以yǐ大dà乱luàn。。故gù上shàng悖bèi日rì月yuè之zhī明míng,,下xià烁shuò山shān川chuān之zhī精jīng,,中zhōng堕duò四sì时shí之zhī施shī,,惴zhuì耎ruǎn之zhī虫chóng,,肖xiào翘qiào之zhī物wù,,莫mò不bù失shī其qí性xìng。。甚shén矣yǐ,,夫fū好hǎo知zhī之zhī乱luàn天tiān下xià也yě!!自zì三sān代dài以yǐ下xià者zhě是shì已yǐ,,舍shě夫fū种zhǒng种zhǒng之zhī民mín,,而ér悦yuè夫fū役yì役yì之zhī佞nìng,,释shì夫fū恬tián淡dàn无wú为wèi,,而ér悦yuè夫fū啍tūn啍tūn之zhī意yì,,啍tūn啍tūn已yǐ乱luàn天tiān下xià矣yǐ!!
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