魏晋:李康
运yùn命mìng论lùn--李lǐ康kāng
夫fū治zhì乱luàn,,运yùn也yě;;穷qióng达dá,,命mìng也yě;;贵guì贱jiàn,,时shí也yě。。故gù运yùn之zhī将jiāng隆lóng,,必bì生shēng圣shèng明míng之zhī君jūn。。圣shèng明míng之zhī君jūn,,必bì有yǒu忠zhōng贤xián之zhī臣chén。。其qí所suǒ以yǐ相xiāng遇yù也yě,,不bù求qiú而ér自zì合hé;;其qí所suǒ以yǐ相xiāng亲qīn也yě,,不bù介jiè而ér自zì亲qīn。。唱chàng之zhī而ér必bì和hé,,谋móu之zhī而ér必bì从cóng,,道dào德dé玄xuán同tóng,,曲qū折zhé合hé符fú,,得dé失shī不bù能néng疑yí其qí志zhì,,谗chán构gòu不bù能néng离lí其qí交jiāo,,然rán后hòu得dé成chéng功gōng也yě。。其qí所suǒ以yǐ得dé然rán者zhě,,岂qǐ徒tú人rén事shì哉zāi??授shòu之zhī者zhě天tiān也yě,,告gào之zhī者zhě神shén也yě,,成chéng之zhī者zhě运yùn也yě。。
夫fū黄huáng河hé清qīng而ér圣shèng人rén生shēng,,里lǐ社shè鸣míng而ér圣shèng人rén出chū,,群qún龙lóng见jiàn而ér圣shèng人rén用yòng。。故gù伊yī尹yǐn,,有yǒu莘shēn氏shì之zhī媵yìng臣chén也yě,,而ér阿ā衡héng于yú商shāng。。太tài公gōng,,渭wèi滨bīn之zhī贱jiàn老lǎo也yě,,而ér尚shàng父fù于yú周zhōu。。百bǎi里lǐ奚xī在zài虞yú而ér虞yú亡wáng,,在zài秦qín而ér秦qín霸bà,,非fēi不bù才cái于yú虞yú而ér才cái于yú秦qín也yě。。张zhāng良liáng受shòu黄huáng石shí之zhī符fú,,诵sòng三sān略lüè之zhī说shuō,,以yǐ游yóu于yú群qún雄xióng,,其qí言yán也yě,,如rú以yǐ水shuǐ投tóu石shí,,莫mò之zhī受shòu也yě;;及jí其qí遭zāo汉hàn祖zǔ,,其qí言yán也yě,,如rú以yǐ石shí投tóu水shuǐ,,莫mò之zhī逆nì也yě。。非fēi张zhāng良liáng之zhī拙zhuō说shuō于yú陈chén项xiàng,,而ér巧qiǎo言yán于yú沛pèi公gōng也yě。。然rán则zé张zhāng良liáng之zhī言yán一yī也yě,,不bù识shí其qí所suǒ以yǐ合hé离lí??合hé离lí之zhī由yóu,,神shén明míng之zhī道dào也yě。。故gù彼bǐ四sì贤xián者zhě,,名míng载zài于yú箓lù图tú,,事shì应yīng乎hū天tiān人rén,,其qí可kě格gé之zhī贤xián愚yú哉zāi??孔kǒng子zi曰yuē::清qīng明míng在zài躬gōng,,气qì志zhì如rú神shén。。嗜shì欲yù将jiāng至zhì,,有yǒu开kāi必bì先xiān。。天tiān降jiàng时shí雨yǔ,,山shān川chuān出chū云yún。。诗shī云yún::惟wéi岳yuè降jiàng神shén,,生shēng甫fǔ及jí申shēn;;惟wéi申shēn及jí甫fǔ,,惟wéi周zhōu之zhī翰hàn。。运yùn命mìng之zhī谓wèi也yě。。
岂qǐ惟wéi兴xìng主zhǔ,,乱luàn亡wáng者zhě亦yì如rú之zhī焉yān。。幽yōu王wáng之zhī惑huò褒bāo女nǚ也yě,,祅yāo始shǐ于yú夏xià庭tíng。。曹cáo伯bó阳yáng之zhī获huò公gōng孙sūn强qiáng也yě,,征zhēng发fā于yú社shè宫gōng。。叔shū孙sūn豹bào之zhī昵nì竖shù牛niú也yě,,祸huò成chéng于yú庚gēng宗zōng。。吉jí凶xiōng成chéng败bài,,各gè以yǐ数shù至zhì。。咸xián皆jiē不bù求qiú而ér自zì合hé,,不bù介jiè而ér自zì亲qīn矣yǐ。。昔xī者zhě,,圣shèng人rén受shòu命mìng河hé洛luò曰yuē::以yǐ文wén命mìng者zhě,,七qī九jiǔ而ér衰shuāi;;以yǐ武wǔ兴xìng者zhě,,六liù八bā而ér谋móu。。及jí成chéng王wáng定dìng鼎dǐng于yú郏jiá鄏rǔ,,卜bo世shì三sān十shí,,卜bo年nián七qī百bǎi,,天tiān所suǒ命mìng也yě。。故gù自zì幽yōu厉lì之zhī间jiān,,周zhōu道dào大dà坏huài,,二èr霸bà之zhī后hòu,,礼lǐ乐lè陵líng迟chí。。文wén薄báo之zhī弊bì,,渐jiàn于yú灵líng景jǐng;;辩biàn诈zhà之zhī伪wěi,,成chéng于yú七qī国guó。。酷kù烈liè之zhī极jí,,积jī于yú亡wáng秦qín;;文wén章zhāng之zhī贵guì,,弃qì于yú汉hàn祖zǔ。。虽suī仲zhòng尼ní至zhì圣shèng,,颜yán冉rǎn大dà贤xián,,揖yī让ràng于yú规guī矩jǔ之zhī内nèi,,訚yín訚yín于yú洙zhū、、泗sì之zhī上shàng,,不bù能néng遏è((èè))其qí端duān;;孟mèng轲kē、、孙sūn卿qīng体tǐ二èr希xī圣shèng,,从cóng容róng正zhèng道dào,,不bù能néng维wéi其qí末mò,,天tiān下xià卒zú至zhì于yú溺nì而ér不bù可kě援yuán。。
夫fū以yǐ仲zhòng尼ní之zhī才cái也yě,,而ér器qì不bù周zhōu于yú鲁lǔ卫wèi;;以yǐ仲zhòng尼ní之zhī辩biàn也yě,,而ér言yán不bù行xíng于yú定dìng哀āi;;以yǐ仲zhòng尼ní之zhī谦qiān也yě,,而ér见jiàn忌jì于yú子zi西xī;;以yǐ仲zhòng尼ní之zhī仁rén也yě,,而ér取qǔ仇chóu于yú桓huán魋tuí;;以yǐ仲zhòng尼ní之zhī智zhì也yě,,而ér屈qū厄è于yú陈chén蔡cài;;以yǐ仲zhòng尼ní之zhī行xíng也yě,,而ér招zhāo毁huǐ于yú叔shū孙sūn。。夫fū道dào足zú以yǐ济jì天tiān下xià,,而ér不bù得dé贵guì于yú人rén;;言yán足zú以yǐ经jīng万wàn世shì,,而ér不bù见jiàn信xìn于yú时shí;;行xíng足zú以yǐ应yīng神shén明míng,,而ér不bù能néng弥mí纶lún于yú俗sú;;应yīng聘pìn七qī十shí国guó,,而ér不bù一yī获huò其qí主zhǔ;;驱qū骤zhòu于yú蛮mán夏xià之zhī域yù,,屈qū辱rǔ于yú公gōng卿qīng之zhī门mén,,其qí不bù遇yù也yě如rú此cǐ。。及jí其qí孙sūn子zi思sī,,希xī圣shèng备bèi体tǐ,,而ér未wèi之zhī至zhì,,封fēng己jǐ养yǎng高gāo,,势shì动dòng人rén主zhǔ。。其qí所suǒ游yóu历lì诸zhū侯hóu,,莫mò不bù结jié驷sì而ér造zào门mén;;虽suī造zào门mén犹yóu有yǒu不bù得dé宾bīn者zhě焉yān。。其qí徒tú子zi夏xià,,升shēng堂táng而ér未wèi入rù于yú室shì者zhě也yě。。退tuì老lǎo于yú家jiā,,魏wèi文wén候hòu师shī之zhī,,西xī河hé之zhī人rén肃sù然rán归guī德dé,,比bǐ之zhī于yú夫fū子zi而ér莫mò敢gǎn间jiān其qí言yán。。故gù曰yuē::治zhì乱luàn,,运yùn也yě;;穷qióng达dá,,命mìng也yě;;贵guì贱jiàn,,时shí也yě。。而ér后hòu之zhī君jūn子zi,,区qū区qū于yú一yī主zhǔ,,叹tàn息xī于yú一yī朝cháo。。屈qū原yuán以yǐ之zhī沈shěn湘xiāng,,贾jiǎ谊yì以yǐ之zhī发fā愤fèn,,不bù亦yì过guò乎hū!!
然rán则zé圣shèng人rén所suǒ以yǐ为wèi圣shèng者zhě,,盖gài在zài乎hū乐lè天tiān知zhī命mìng矣yǐ。。故gù遇yù之zhī而ér不bù怨yuàn,,居jū之zhī而ér不bù疑yí也yě。。其qí身shēn可kě抑yì,,而ér道dào不bù可kě屈qū;;其qí位wèi可kě排pái,,而ér名míng不bù可kě夺duó。。譬pì如rú水shuǐ也yě,,通tōng之zhī斯sī为wèi川chuān焉yān,,塞sāi之zhī斯sī为wèi渊yuān焉yān,,升shēng之zhī于yú云yún则zé雨yǔ施shī,,沈shěn之zhī于yú地dì则zé土tǔ润rùn。。体tǐ清qīng以yǐ洗xǐ物wù,,不bù乱luàn于yú浊zhuó;;受shòu浊zhuó以yǐ济jì物wù,,不bù伤shāng于yú清qīng。。是shì以yǐ圣shèng人rén处chù穷qióng达dá如rú一yī也yě。。夫fū忠zhōng直zhí之zhī迕wù于yú主zhǔ,,独dú立lì之zhī负fù于yú俗sú,,理lǐ势shì然rán也yě。。故gù木mù秀xiù于yú林lín,,风fēng必bì摧cuī之zhī;;堆duī出chū于yú岸àn,,流liú必bì湍tuān之zhī;;行xíng高gāo于yú人rén,,众zhòng必bì非fēi之zhī。。前qián监jiān不bù远yuǎn,,覆fù车chē继jì轨guǐ。。然rán而ér志zhì士shì仁rén人rén,,犹yóu蹈dǎo之zhī而ér弗fú悔huǐ,,操cāo之zhī而ér弗fú失shī,,何hé哉zāi??将jiāng以yǐ遂suì志zhì而ér成chéng名míng也yě。。求qiú遂suì其qí志zhì,,而ér冒mào风fēng波bō于yú险xiǎn涂tú;;求qiú成chéng其qí名míng,,而ér历lì谤bàng议yì于yú当dāng时shí。。彼bǐ所suǒ以yǐ处chù之zhī,,盖gài有yǒu算suàn矣yǐ。。子zi夏xià曰yuē::死sǐ生shēng有yǒu命mìng,,富fù贵guì在zài天tiān故gù道dào之zhī将jiāng行xíng也yě,,命mìng之zhī将jiāng贵guì也yě,,则zé伊yī尹yǐn吕lǚ尚shàng之zhī兴xìng于yú商shāng周zhōu,,百bǎi里lǐ子zi房fáng之zhī用yòng于yú秦qín汉hàn,,不bù求qiú而ér自zì得dé,,不bù徼jiǎo而ér自zì遇yù矣yǐ。。道dào之zhī将jiāng废fèi也yě,,命mìng之zhī将jiāng贱jiàn也yě,,岂qǐ独dú君jūn子zi耻chǐ之zhī而ér弗fú为wèi乎hū??盖gài亦yì知zhī为wèi之zhī而ér弗fú得dé矣yǐ。。
凡fán希xī世shì苟gǒu合hé之zhī士shì,,蘧qú蒢chú戚qī之zhī人rén,,俛fǔ仰yǎng尊zūn贵guì之zhī颜yán,,逶wēi迤yí势shì利lì之zhī间jiān,,意yì无wú是shì非fēi,,赞zàn之zhī如rú流liú;;言yán无wú可kě否fǒu,,应yīng之zhī如rú响xiǎng。。以yǐ窥kuī看kàn为wèi精jīng神shén,,以yǐ向xiàng背bèi为wèi变biàn通tōng。。势shì之zhī所suǒ集jí,,从cóng之zhī如rú归guī市shì;;势shì之zhī所suǒ去qù,,弃qì之zhī如rú脱tuō遗yí。。其qí言yán曰yuē::名míng与yǔ身shēn孰shú亲qīn也yě??得dé与yǔ失shī孰shú贤xián也yě??荣róng与yǔ辱rǔ孰shú珍zhēn也yě??故gù遂suì絜jié其qí衣yī服fú,,矜jīn其qí车chē徒tú,,冒mào其qí货huò贿huì,,淫yín其qí声shēng色sè,,脉mài脉mài然rán自zì以yǐ为wèi得dé矣yǐ。。盖gài见jiàn龙lóng逢féng、、比bǐ干gàn之zhī亡wáng其qí身shēn,,而ér不bù惟wéi飞fēi廉lián、、恶è来lái之zhī灭miè其qí族zú也yě。。盖gài知zhī伍wǔ子zi胥xū之zhī属shǔ镂lòu于yú吴wú,,而ér不bù戒jiè费fèi无wú忌jì之zhī诛zhū夷yí于yú楚chǔ也yě。。盖gài讥jī汲jí黯àn之zhī白bái首shǒu于yú主zhǔ爵jué,,而ér不bù惩chéng张zhāng汤tāng牛niú车chē之zhī祸huò也yě。。盖gài笑xiào萧xiāo望wàng之zhī跋bá踬zhì于yú前qián,,而ér不bù惧jù石shí显xiǎn之zhī绞jiǎo缢yì于yú后hòu也yě。。故gù夫fū达dá者zhě之zhī筭suàn也yě,,亦yì各gè有yǒu尽jǐn矣yǐ。。
曰yuē::凡fán人rén之zhī所suǒ以yǐ奔bēn竞jìng于yú富fù贵guì,,何hé为wèi者zhě哉zāi??若ruò夫fū立lì德dé必bì须xū贵guì乎hū??则zé幽yōu厉lì之zhī为wèi天tiān子zi,,不bù如rú仲zhòng尼ní之zhī为wèi陪péi臣chén也yě。。必bì须xū势shì乎hū??则zé王wáng莽mǎng、、董dǒng贤xián之zhī为wèi三sān公gōng,,不bù如rú杨yáng雄xióng、、仲zhòng舒shū之zhī阒qù其qí门mén也yě。。必bì须xū富fù乎hū??则zé齐qí景jǐng之zhī千qiān驷sì,,不bù如rú颜yán回huí、、原yuán宪xiàn之zhī约yuē其qí身shēn也yě。。其qí为wèi实shí乎hū??则zé执zhí杓biāo而ér饮yǐn河hé者zhě,,不bù过guò满mǎn腹fù;;弃qì室shì而ér洒sǎ雨yǔ者zhě,,不bù过guò濡rú身shēn;;过guò此cǐ以yǐ往wǎng,,弗fú能néng受shòu也yě。。其qí为wèi名míng乎hū??则zé善shàn恶è书shū于yú史shǐ册cè,,毁huǐ誉yù流liú于yú千qiān载zài;;赏shǎng罚fá悬xuán于yú天tiān道dào,,吉jí凶xiōng灼zhuó乎hū鬼guǐ神shén,,固gù可kě畏wèi也yě。。将jiāng以yǐ娱yú耳ěr目mù、、乐lè心xīn意yì乎hū??譬pì命mìng驾jià而ér游yóu五wǔ都dōu之zhī市shì,,则zé天tiān下xià之zhī货huò毕bì陈chén矣yǐ。。褰qiān裳shang而ér涉shè汶wèn阳yáng之zhī丘qiū,,则zé天tiān下xià之zhī稼jià如rú云yún矣yǐ。。椎chuí紒jì而ér守shǒu敖áo庾yǔ、、海hǎi陵líng之zhī仓cāng,,则zé山shān坻chí之zhī积jī在zài前qián矣yǐ。。扱xī衽rèn而ér登dēng钟zhōng山shān、、蓝lán田tián之zhī上shàng,,则zé夜yè光guāng玙yú璠fán之zhī珍zhēn可kě观guān矣yǐ。。夫fū如rú是shì也yě,,为wèi物wù甚shén众zhòng,,为wèi己jǐ甚shén寡guǎ,,不bù爱ài其qí身shēn,,而ér啬sè其qí神shén。。风fēng惊jīng尘chén起qǐ,,散sàn而ér不bù止zhǐ。。六liù疾jí待dài其qí前qián,,五wǔ刑xíng随suí其qí后hòu。。利lì害hài生shēng其qí左zuǒ,,攻gōng夺duó出chū其qí右yòu,,而ér自zì以yǐ为wèi见jiàn身shēn名míng之zhī亲qīn疏shū,,分fēn荣róng辱rǔ之zhī客kè主zhǔ哉zāi。。
天tiān地dì之zhī大dà德dé曰yuē生shēng,,圣shèng人rén之zhī大dà宝bǎo曰yuē位wèi,,何hé以yǐ守shǒu位wèi曰yuē仁rén,,何hé以yǐ正zhèng人rén曰yuē义yì。。故gù古gǔ之zhī王wáng者zhě,,盖gài以yǐ一yī人rén治zhì天tiān下xià,,不bù以yǐ天tiān下xià奉fèng一yī人rén也yě。。古gǔ之zhī仕shì者zhě,,盖gài以yǐ官guān行xíng其qí义yì,,不bù以yǐ利lì冒mào其qí官guān也yě。。古gǔ之zhī君jūn子zi,,盖gài耻chǐ得dé之zhī而ér弗fú能néng治zhì也yě,,不bù耻chǐ能néng治zhì而ér弗fú得dé也yě。。原yuán乎hū天tiān人rén之zhī性xìng,,核hé乎hū邪xié正zhèng之zhī分fēn,,权quán乎hū祸huò福fú之zhī门mén,,终zhōng乎hū荣róng辱rǔ之zhī算suàn,,其qí昭zhāo然rán矣yǐ。。故gù君jūn子zi舍shě彼bǐ取qǔ此cǐ。。若ruò夫fū出chū处chù不bù违wéi其qí时shí,,默mò语yǔ不bù失shī其qí人rén,,天tiān动dòng星xīng回huí而ér辰chén极jí犹yóu居jū其qí所suǒ,,玑jī旋xuán轮lún转zhuǎn,,而ér衡héng轴zhóu犹yóu执zhí其qí中zhōng,,既jì明míng且qiě哲zhé,,以yǐ保bǎo其qí身shēn,,贻yí厥jué孙sūn谋móu,,以yǐ燕yàn翼yì子zi者zhě,,昔xī吾wú先xiān友yǒu,,尝cháng从cóng事shì于yú斯sī矣yǐ。。
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