两汉:路温舒
尚shàng德dé缓huǎn刑xíng书shū--路lù温wēn舒shū
汉hàn昭zhāo帝dì逝shì世shì,,昌chāng邑yì王wáng刘liú贺hè被bèi废fèi黜chù,,汉hàn宣xuān帝dì刘liú询xún刚gāng刚gāng登dēng上shàng皇huáng位wèi。。路lù温wēn舒shū呈chéng上shàng奏zòu书shū,,奏zòu书shū说shuō::
昭zhāo帝dì崩bēng,,昌chāng邑yì王wáng贺hè废fèi,,宣xuān帝dì初chū即jí位wèi,,路lù温wēn舒shū上shàng书shū,,言yán宜yí尚shàng德dé缓huǎn刑xíng。。其qí辞cí曰yuē::
臣chén闻wén齐qí有yǒu无wú知zhī之zhī祸huò,,而ér桓huán公gōng以yǐ兴xìng;;晋jìn有yǒu骊lí姬jī之zhī难nán,,而ér文wén公gōng用yòng伯bó。。近jìn世shì赵zhào王wáng不bù终zhōng,,诸zhū吕lǚ作zuò乱luàn,,而ér孝xiào文wén为wèi太tài宗zōng。。由yóu是shì观guān之zhī,,祸huò乱luàn之zhī作zuò,,将jiāng以yǐ开kāi圣shèng人rén也yě。。故gù桓huán、、文wén扶fú微wēi兴xìng坏huài,,尊zūn文wén、、武wǔ之zhī业yè,,
泽zé加jiā百bǎi姓xìng,,功gōng润rùn诸zhū侯hóu,,虽suī不bù及jí三sān王wáng,,天tiān下xià归guī仁rén焉yān。。文wén帝dì永yǒng思sī至zhì德dé,,以yǐ承chéng天tiān心xīn,,崇chóng仁rén义yì,,省shěng刑xíng罚fá,,通tōng关guān梁liáng,,一yī远yuǎn近jìn,,敬jìng贤xián如rú大dà宾bīn,,爱ài民mín如rú赤chì子zi,,内nèi恕shù情qíng之zhī所suǒ安ān而ér施shī之zhī于yú海hǎi内nèi,,是shì以yǐ囹líng圄yǔ空kōng虚xū,,天tiān下xià太tài平píng。。夫fū继jì变biàn化huà之zhī后hòu,,必bì有yǒu异yì旧jiù之zhī恩ēn,,此cǐ贤xián圣shèng所suǒ以yǐ昭zhāo天tiān命mìng也yě。。往wǎng者zhě,,昭zhāo帝dì即jí世shì而ér无wú嗣sì,,大dà臣chén忧yōu戚qī,,焦jiāo心xīn合hé谋móu,,皆jiē以yǐ昌chāng邑yì尊zūn亲qīn,,援yuán而ér立lì之zhī。。然rán天tiān不bù授shòu命mìng,,淫yín乱luàn其qí心xīn,,遂suì以yǐ自zì亡wáng。。深shēn察chá祸huò变biàn之zhī故gù,,乃nǎi皇huáng天tiān之zhī所suǒ以yǐ开kāi至zhì圣shèng也yě。。故gù大dà将jiāng军jūn受shòu命mìng武wǔ帝dì,,股gǔ肱gōng汉hàn国guó,,披pī肝gān胆dǎn,,决jué大dà计jì,,黜chù亡wáng义yì,,立lì有yǒu德dé,,辅fǔ天tiān而ér行xíng,,然rán后hòu宗zōng庙miào以yǐ安ān,,天tiān下xià咸xián宁níng。。臣chén闻wén《《春chūn秋qiū》》正zhèng即jí位wèi,,大dà一yī统tǒng而ér慎shèn始shǐ也yě。。陛bì下xià初chū登dēng至zhì尊zūn,,与yǔ天tiān合hé符fú,,宜yí改gǎi前qián世shì之zhī失shī,,正zhèng始shǐ受shòu命mìng之zhī统tǒng,,涤dí烦fán文wén,,除chú民mín疾jí,,存cún亡wáng继jì绝jué,,以yǐ应yīng天tiān意yì。。
臣chén闻wén秦qín有yǒu十shí失shī,,其qí一yī尚shàng存cún,,治zhì狱yù之zhī吏lì是shì也yě。。秦qín之zhī时shí,,羞xiū文wén学xué,,好hǎo武wǔ勇yǒng,,贱jiàn仁rén义yì之zhī士shì,,贵guì治zhì狱yù之zhī吏lì,,正zhèng言yán者zhě谓wèi之zhī诽fěi谤bàng,,遏è过guò者zhě谓wèi之zhī妖yāo言yán,,故gù盛shèng服fú先xiān王wáng不bù用yòng于yú世shì⒅⒅,,忠zhōng良liáng切qiè言yán皆jiē郁yù于yú胸xiōng,,誉yù谀yú之zhī声shēng日rì满mǎn于yú耳ěr,,虚xū美měi熏xūn心xīn,,实shí祸huò蔽bì塞sāi,,此cǐ乃nǎi秦qín之zhī所suǒ以yǐ亡wáng天tiān下xià也yě。。方fāng今jīn天tiān下xià,,赖lài陛bì下xià恩ēn厚hòu,,亡wáng金jīn革gé之zhī危wēi、、饥jī寒hán之zhī患huàn,,父fù子zi夫fū妻qī戮lù力lì安ān家jiā,,然rán太tài平píng未wèi洽qià者zhě,,狱yù乱luàn之zhī也yě。。夫fū狱yù者zhě,,天tiān下xià之zhī大dà命mìng也yě,,死sǐ者zhě不bù可kě复fù生shēng,,绝jué者zhě不bù可kě复fù属shǔ。。《《书shū》》曰yuē::与yǔ其qí杀shā不bù辜gū,,宁níng失shī不bù经jīng。。今jīn治zhì狱yù吏lì则zé不bù然rán,,上shàng下xià相xiāng驱qū,,以yǐ刻kè为wèi明míng,,深shēn者zhě获huò公gōng名míng,,平píng者zhě多duō后hòu患huàn。。故gù治zhì狱yù之zhī吏lì,,皆jiē欲yù人rén死sǐ,,非fēi憎zēng人rén也yě,,自zì安ān之zhī道dào在zài人rén之zhī死sǐ。。是shì以yǐ死sǐ人rén之zhī血xuè流liú离lí于yú市shì,,被bèi刑xíng之zhī徒tú比bǐ肩jiān而ér立lì,,大dà辟pì之zhī计jì岁suì以yǐ万wàn数shù。。此cǐ仁rén圣shèng之zhī所suǒ以yǐ伤shāng也yě。。太tài平píng之zhī未wèi洽qià,,凡fán以yǐ此cǐ也yě。。夫fū人rén情qíng安ān则zé乐lè生shēng,,痛tòng则zé思sī死sǐ,,棰chuí楚chǔ之zhī下xià,,何hé求qiú而ér不bù得dé??做zuò囚qiú人rén不bù胜shèng痛tòng,,则zé饰shì词cí以yǐ视shì之zhī,,吏lì治zhì者zhě利lì其qí然rán,,则zé指zhǐ道dào以yǐ明míng之zhī,,上shàng奏zòu畏wèi却què,,则zé锻duàn练liàn而ér周zhōu内nèi之zhī;;盖gài奏zòu当dāng之zhī成chéng,,虽suī咎jiù繇yáo听tīng之zhī,,犹yóu以yǐ为wèi死sǐ有yǒu余yú辜gū。。何hé则zé??成chéng练liàn者zhě众zhòng,,文wén致zhì之zhī罪zuì明míng也yě。。是shì以yǐ狱yù吏lì专zhuān为wèi深shēn刻kè,,残cán贼zéi而ér亡wáng极jí,,媮tōu为wèi一yī切qiè,,不bù顾gù国guó患huàn,,此cǐ世shì之zhī大dà贼zéi也yě。。故gù俗sú语yǔ曰yuē::画huà地dì为wèi狱yù议yì不bù入rù;;刻kè木mù为wèi吏lì期qī不bù对duì。。此cǐ皆jiē疾jí吏lì之zhī风fēng,,悲bēi痛tòng之zhī辞cí也yě。。故gù天tiān下xià之zhī患huàn,,莫mò深shēn于yú狱yù;;败bài法fǎ乱luàn正zhèng,,离lí亲qīn塞sāi道dào,,莫mò甚shén乎hū治zhì狱yù之zhī吏lì,,此cǐ所suǒ谓wèi一yī尚shàng存cún者zhě也yě。。
臣chén闻wén乌wū鸢yuān之zhī卵luǎn不bù毁huǐ,,而ér后hòu凤fèng凰huáng集jí;;诽fěi谤bàng之zhī罪zuì不bù诛zhū,,而ér后hòu良liáng言yán进jìn。。故gù古gǔ人rén有yǒu言yán::山shān薮sǒu臧zāng疾jí,,川chuān泽zé纳nà污wū,,瑾jǐn瑜yú匿nì恶è,,国guó君jūn含hán诟gòu。。唯wéi陛bì下xià除chú诽fěi谤bàng以yǐ招zhāo切qiè言yán,,开kāi天tiān下xià之zhī口kǒu,,广guǎng箴zhēn谏jiàn之zhī路lù,,扫sǎo亡wáng秦qín之zhī失shī,,尊zūn文wén武wǔ之zhī德dé,,省shěng法fǎ制zhì,,宽kuān刑xíng罚fá,,以yǐ废fèi治zhì狱yù,,则zé太tài平píng之zhī风fēng可kě兴xìng于yú世shì,,永yǒng履lǚ和hé乐lè,,与yǔ天tiān亡wáng极jí,,天tiān下xià幸xìng甚shén。。
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