清代:方苞
狱yù中zhōng杂zá记jì--方fāng苞bāo
康kāng熙xī五wǔ十shí一yī年nián三sān月yuè,,余yú在zài刑xíng部bù狱yù,,见jiàn死sǐ而ér由yóu窦dòu出chū者zhě,,日rì四sì三sān人rén。。有yǒu洪hóng洞dòng令lìng杜dù君jūn者zhě,,作zuò而ér言yán曰yuē::此cǐ疫yì作zuò也yě。。今jīn天tiān时shí顺shùn正zhèng,,死sǐ者zhě尚shàng稀xī,,往wǎng岁suì多duō至zhì日rì数shù十shí人rén。。余yú叩kòu所suǒ以yǐ。。杜dù君jūn曰yuē::是shì疾jí易yì传chuán染rǎn,,遘gòu者zhě虽suī戚qī属shǔ不bù敢gǎn同tóng卧wò起qǐ。。而ér狱yù中zhōng为wèi老lǎo监jiān者zhě四sì,,监jiān五wǔ室shì,,禁jìn卒zú居jū中zhōng央yāng,,牖yǒu其qí前qián以yǐ通tōng明míng,,屋wū极jí有yǒu窗chuāng以yǐ达dá气qì。。旁páng四sì室shì则zé无wú之zhī,,而ér系xì囚qiú常cháng二èr百bǎi余yú。。每měi薄báo暮mù下xià管guǎn键jiàn,,矢shǐ溺nì皆jiē闭bì其qí中zhōng,,与yǔ饮yǐn食shí之zhī气qì相xiāng薄báo,,又yòu隆lóng冬dōng,,贫pín者zhě席xí地dì而ér卧wò,,春chūn气qì动dòng,,鲜xiān不bù疫yì矣yǐ。。狱yù中zhōng成chéng法fǎ,,质zhì明míng启qǐ钥yào,,方fāng夜yè中zhōng,,生shēng人rén与yǔ死sǐ者zhě并bìng踵zhǒng顶dǐng而ér卧wò,,无wú可kě旋xuán避bì,,此cǐ所suǒ以yǐ染rǎn者zhě众zhòng也yě。。又yòu可kě怪guài者zhě,,大dà盗dào积jī贼zéi,,杀shā人rén重zhòng囚qiú,,气qì杰jié旺wàng,,染rǎn此cǐ者zhě十shí不bù一yī二èr,,或huò随suí有yǒu瘳chōu,,其qí骈pián死sǐ,,皆jiē轻qīng系xì及jí牵qiān连lián佐zuǒ证zhèng法fǎ所suǒ不bù及jí者zhě。。余yú曰yuē::京jīng师shī有yǒu京jīng兆zhào狱yù,,有yǒu五wǔ城chéng御yù史shǐ司sī坊fāng,,何hé故gù刑xíng部bù系xì囚qiú之zhī多duō至zhì此cǐ??杜dù君jūn曰yuē::迩ěr年nián狱yù讼sòng,,情qíng稍shāo重zhòng,,京jīng兆zhào、、五wǔ城chéng即jí不bù敢gǎn专zhuān决jué;;又yòu九jiǔ门mén提tí督dū所suǒ访fǎng缉jī纠jiū诘jí,,皆jiē归guī刑xíng部bù;;而ér十shí四sì司sī正zhèng副fù郎láng好hǎo事shì者zhě及jí书shū吏lì、、狱yù官guān、、禁jìn卒zú,,皆jiē利lì系xì者zhě之zhī多duō,,少shǎo有yǒu连lián,,必bì多duō方fāng钩gōu致zhì。。苟gǒu入rù狱yù,,不bù问wèn罪zuì之zhī有yǒu无wú,,必bì械xiè手shǒu足zú,,置zhì老lǎo监jiān,,俾bǐ困kùn苦kǔ不bù可kě忍rěn,,然rán后hòu导dǎo以yǐ取qǔ保bǎo,,出chū居jū于yú外wài,,量liàng其qí家jiā之zhī所suǒ有yǒu以yǐ为wèi剂jì,,而ér官guān与yǔ吏lì剖pōu分fēn焉yān。。中zhōng家jiā以yǐ上shàng,,皆jiē竭jié资zī取qǔ保bǎo;;其qí次cì‘‘求qiú脱tuō械xiè居jū监jiān外wài板bǎn屋wū,,费fèi亦yì数shù十shí金jīn;;惟wéi极jí贫pín无wú依yī,,则zé械xiè系xì不bù稍shāo宽kuān,,为wèi标biāo准zhǔn以yǐ警jǐng其qí余yú。。或huò同tóng系xì,,情qíng罪zuì重zhòng者zhě,,反fǎn出chū在zài外wài,,而ér轻qīng者zhě、、无wú罪zuì者zhě罹lí其qí毒dú。。积jī忧yōu愤fèn,,寝qǐn食shí违wéi节jié,,及jí病bìng,,又yòu无wú医yī药yào,,故gù往wǎng往wǎng至zhì死sǐ。。余yú伏fú见jiàn圣shèng上shàng好hǎo生shēng之zhī德dé,,同tóng于yú往wǎng圣shèng。。每měi质zhì狱yù词cí,,必bì于yú死sǐ中zhōng求qiú其qí生shēng,,而ér无wú辜gū者zhě乃nǎi至zhì此cǐ。。傥tǎng仁rén人rén君jūn子zi为wèi上shàng昌chāng言yán::除chú死sǐ刑xíng及jí发fā塞sāi外wài重zhòng犯fàn,,其qí轻qīng系xì及jí牵qiān连lián未wèi结jié正zhèng者zhě,,别bié置zhì一yī所suǒ以yǐ羁jī之zhī,,手shǒu足zú毋wú械xiè。。所suǒ全quán活huó可kě数shù计jì哉zāi??或huò曰yuē::狱yù旧jiù有yǒu室shì五wǔ,,名míng曰yuē现xiàn监jiān,,讼sòng而ér未wèi结jié正zhèng者zhě居jū之zhī。。傥tǎng举jǔ旧jiù典diǎn,,可kě小xiǎo补bǔ也yě。。杜dù君jūn曰yuē::上shàng推tuī恩ēn,,凡fán职zhí官guān居jū板bǎn屋wū。。今jīn贫pín者zhě转zhuǎn系xì老lǎo监jiān,,而ér大dà盗dào有yǒu居jū板bǎn屋wū者zhě。。此cǐ中zhōng可kě细xì诘jí哉zāi!!不bù若ruò别bié置zhì一yī所suǒ,,为wèi拔bá本běn塞sāi源yuán之zhī道dào也yě。。余yú同tóng系xì朱zhū翁wēng、、余yú生shēng及jí在zài狱yù同tóng官guān僧sēng某mǒu,,遘gòu疫yì死sǐ,,皆jiē不bù应yīng重zhòng罚fá。。又yòu某mǒu氏shì以yǐ不bù孝xiào讼sòng其qí子zi,,左zuǒ右yòu邻lín械xiè系xì入rù老lǎo监jiān,,号hào呼hū达dá旦dàn。。余yú感gǎn焉yān,,以yǐ杜dù君jūn言yán泛fàn讯xùn之zhī,,众zhòng言yán同tóng,,于yú是shì乎hū书shū。。
凡fán死sǐ刑xíng狱yù上shàng,,行xíng刑xíng者zhě先xiān俟qí于yú门mén外wài,,使shǐ其qí党dǎng入rù索suǒ财cái物wù,,名míng曰yuē斯sī罗luó。。富fù者zhě就jiù其qí戚qī属shǔ,,贫pín则zé面miàn语yǔ之zhī。。其qí极jí刑xíng,,曰yuē::顺shùn我wǒ,,即jí先xiān刺cì心xīn;;否fǒu则zé,,四sì肢zhī解jiě尽jǐn,,心xīn犹yóu不bù死sǐ。。其qí绞jiǎo缢yì,,曰yuē::顺shùn我wǒ,,始shǐ缢yì即jí气qì绝jué;;否fǒu则zé,,三sān缢yì加jiā别bié械xiè,,然rán后hòu得dé死sǐ。。唯wéi大dà辟pì无wú可kě要yào,,然rán犹yóu质zhì其qí首shǒu。。用yòng此cǐ,,富fù者zhě赂lù数shù十shí百bǎi金jīn,,贫pín亦yì罄qìng衣yī装zhuāng;;绝jué无wú有yǒu者zhě,,则zé治zhì之zhī如rú所suǒ言yán。。主zhǔ缚fù者zhě亦yì然rán,,不bù如rú所suǒ欲yù,,缚fù时shí即jí先xiān折zhé筋jīn骨gǔ。。每měi岁suì大dà决jué,,勾gōu者zhě十shí四sì三sān,,留liú者zhě十shí六liù七qī,,皆jiē缚fù至zhì西xī市shì待dài命mìng。。其qí伤shāng于yú缚fù者zhě,,即jí幸xìng留liú,,病bìng数shù月yuè乃nǎi瘳chōu,,或huò竟jìng成chéng痼gù疾jí。。余yú尝cháng就jiù老lǎo胥xū而ér问wèn焉yān::彼bǐ于yú刑xíng者zhě、、缚fù者zhě,,非fēi相xiāng仇chóu也yě,,期qī有yǒu得dé耳ěr;;果guǒ无wú有yǒu,,终zhōng亦yì稍shāo宽kuān之zhī,,非fēi仁rén术shù乎hū??曰yuē::是shì立lì法fǎ以yǐ警jǐng其qí余yú,,且qiě惩chéng后hòu也yě;;不bù如rú此cǐ,,则zé人rén有yǒu幸xìng心xīn。。主zhǔ梏gù扑pū者zhě亦yì然rán。。余yú同tóng逮dǎi以yǐ木mù讯xùn者zhě三sān人rén::一yī人rén予yǔ三sān十shí金jīn,,骨gǔ微wēi伤shāng,,病bìng间jiān月yuè;;一yī人rén倍bèi之zhī,,伤shāng肤fū,,兼jiān旬xún愈yù;;一yī人rén六liù倍bèi,,即jí夕xī行xíng步bù如rú平píng常cháng。。或huò叩kòu之zhī曰yuē::罪zuì人rén有yǒu无wú不bù均jūn,,既jì各gè有yǒu得dé,,何hé必bì更gèng以yǐ多duō寡guǎ为wèi差chà??曰yuē::无wú差chà,,谁shuí为wèi多duō与yǔ者zhě??孟mèng子zi曰yuē::术shù不bù可kě不bù慎shèn。。信xìn夫fū!!
部bù中zhōng老lǎo胥xū,,家jiā藏cáng伪wěi章zhāng,,文wén书shū下xià行xíng直zhí省shěng,,多duō潜qián易yì之zhī,,增zēng减jiǎn要yào语yǔ,,奉fèng行xíng者zhě莫mò辨biàn也yě。。其qí上shàng闻wén及jí移yí关guān诸zhū部bù,,犹yóu未wèi敢gǎn然rán。。功gōng令lìng::大dà盗dào未wèi杀shā人rén及jí他tā犯fàn同tóng谋móu多duō人rén者zhě,,止zhǐ主zhǔ谋móu一yī二èr人rén立lì决jué;;余yú经jīng秋qiū审shěn皆jiē减jiǎn等děng发fā配pèi。。狱yù词cí上shàng,,中zhōng有yǒu立lì决jué者zhě,,行xíng刑xíng人rén先xiān俟qí于yú门mén外wài。。命mìng下xià,,遂suì缚fù以yǐ出chū,,不bù羁jī晷guǐ刻kè。。有yǒu某mǒu姓xìng兄xiōng弟dì以yǐ把bǎ持chí公gōng仓cāng,,法fǎ应yīng立lì决jué,,狱yù具jù矣yǐ,,胥xū某mǒu谓wèi曰yuē::予yǔ我wǒ千qiān金jīn,,吾wú生shēng若ruò。。叩kòu其qí术shù,,曰yuē::是shì无wú难nán,,别bié具jù本běn章zhāng,,狱yù词cí无wú易yì,,取qǔ案àn末mò独dú身shēn无wú亲qīn戚qī者zhě二èr人rén易yì汝rǔ名míng,,俟qí封fēng奏zòu时shí潜qián易yì之zhī而ér已yǐ。。其qí同tóng事shì者zhě曰yuē::是shì可kě欺qī死sǐ者zhě,,而ér不bù能néng欺qī主zhǔ谳yàn者zhě,,倘tǎng复fù请qǐng之zhī,,吾wú辈bèi无wú生shēng理lǐ矣yǐ。。胥xū某mǒu笑xiào曰yuē::复fù请qǐng之zhī,,吾wú辈bèi无wú生shēng理lǐ,,而ér主zhǔ谳yàn者zhě亦yì各gè罢bà去qù。。彼bǐ不bù能néng以yǐ二èr人rén之zhī命mìng易yì其qí官guān,,则zé吾wú辈bèi终zhōng无wú死sǐ道dào也yě。。竟jìng行xíng之zhī,,案àn末mò二èr人rén立lì决jué。。主zhǔ者zhě口kǒu呿qù舌shé挢jiǎo,,终zhōng不bù敢gǎn诘jí。。余yú在zài狱yù,,犹yóu见jiàn某mǒu姓xìng,,狱yù中zhōng人rén群qún指zhǐ曰yuē::是shì以yǐ某mǒu某mǒu易yì其qí首shǒu者zhě。。胥xū某mǒu一yī夕xī暴bào卒zú,,众zhòng皆jiē以yǐ为wèi冥míng谪zhé云yún。。
凡fán杀shā人rén,,狱yù词cí无wú谋móu、、故gù者zhě,,经jīng秋qiū审shěn入rù矜jīn疑yí,,即jí免miǎn死sǐ。。吏lì因yīn以yǐ巧qiǎo法fǎ。。有yǒu郭guō四sì者zhě,,凡fán四sì杀shā人rén,,复fù以yǐ矜jīn疑yí减jiǎn等děng,,随suí遇yù赦shè。。将jiāng出chū,,日rì与yǔ其qí徒tú置zhì酒jiǔ酣hān歌gē达dá曙shǔ。。或huò叩kòu以yǐ往wǎng事shì,,一yī一yī详xiáng述shù之zhī,,意yì色sè扬yáng扬yáng,,若ruò自zì矜jīn诩xǔ。。噫yī!!渫xiè恶è吏lì忍rěn于yú鬻yù狱yù,,无wú责zé也yě;;而ér道dào之zhī不bù明míng,,良liáng吏lì亦yì多duō以yǐ脱tuō人rén于yú死sǐ为wèi功gōng,,而ér不bù求qiú其qí情qíng,,其qí枉wǎng民mín也yě亦yì甚shén矣yǐ哉zāi!!
奸jiān民mín久jiǔ于yú狱yù,,与yǔ胥xū卒zú表biǎo里lǐ,,颇pō有yǒu奇qí羡xiàn。。山shān阴yīn李lǐ姓xìng以yǐ杀shā人rén系xì狱yù,,每měi岁suì致zhì数shù百bǎi金jīn。。康kāng熙xī四sì十shí八bā年nián,,以yǐ赦shè出chū。。居jū数shù月yuè,,漠mò然rán无wú所suǒ事shì。。其qí乡xiāng人rén有yǒu杀shā人rén者zhě,,因yīn代dài承chéng之zhī。。盖gài以yǐ律lǜ非fēi故gù杀shā,,必bì久jiǔ系xì,,终zhōng无wú死sǐ法fǎ也yě。。五wǔ十shí一yī年nián,,复fù援yuán赦shè减jiǎn等děng谪zhé戍shù,,叹tàn曰yuē::吾wú不bù得dé复fù入rù此cǐ矣yǐ!!故gù例lì::谪zhé戍shù者zhě移yí顺shùn天tiān府fǔ羁jī候hòu。。时shí方fāng冬dōng停tíng遣qiǎn,,李lǐ具jù状zhuàng求qiú在zài狱yù候hòu春chūn发fā遣qiǎn,,至zhì再zài三sān,,不bù得dé所suǒ请qǐng,,怅chàng然rán而ér出chū。。
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